Inferencing is Like Being a Detective

Your mind automatically inferences, deduces, concludes, reasons things all day.  If there is light in the room it must be after 6:00am or if the sun is setting it must be around 8:00pm.  At times during the day we may consciously focus on a situation to infer the meaning of the situation.  We may wonder why a person was frowning or talking very loudly during our conversation.  To do this, we usually review other interactions that we’ve had with this individual.  We may review things that others have said about this individual.  We may review the inference of other similar situations.  Then we might begin to infer our present interaction with this individual.  Merriam-Webster (2020) describes inference as “a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence.”  You are playing detective examining unseen and seen information, such as a picture or a group of words and analyzing your examination against your current stored information—what you already know to build a conclusion.  You are “deep reading” the story looking between the lines or behind the scenes of the words or pictures or situation to form an inference.  Many individuals learn how to infer naturally through their environment and will be able to infer or comprehend what the picture or words are trying to convey.  Some students will need explicit, purposeful instruction to learn and practice the skill. Below are some examples of inferencing.

Example one, an individual should be able to infer the questions below about this poem by Valerie Danoff.

Jelly Bean

Jelly, jelly, jelly beans.

Belly, belly, belly beans.

Orange, white, black, green

Red, blue, yellow bean.

Many, many can be seen!

All the colors in between.

From one to many beans.

Guess how many jelly beans?

Based on your culture was this poem written by a female or male?  How do you believe that the writer feels about jelly beans?  How do you think that jelly beans are shaped?  What color do you think a jelly bean is?  What is a jelly bean?  Is a jelly bean a type of food?  Why is the poem asking me to guess how many jelly beans there are?  Individuals who know what a jelly bean is would be able to answer these questions without much thought or examination of the poem.  Those who do not know what a jelly belly is would have to examine the words of the poem to gather the information to infer the previous questions, such as:

          • look at the spelling of each word
          • look at the meaning of each word
          • analyze how the words are joined together to form the sentence
          • look at the punctuation used
          • look at word usage-repetition
          • look at how the lines of the poem are related

Example two, when you look at a picture your brain is examining the different parts of the picture and analyzing the information against your stored information to understand the meaning of the picture—not just the seen information, but the unseen information as well.  When examining this “pumpkin” picture if you know that many people carve pumpkins at Halloween or if you knew the growing season for pumpkins, you could infer that this picture was taken in the fall.  You could also infer that this picture was taken in field where the pumpkins and other crops might be grown.  You might infer that pumpkins get their nutrients through their stem.  You might infer that someone put them in groups by size.  You might infer that this may be a place where you could buy pumpkins or that they were getting ready for market.  And so on.

Example 3, when an individual is having an in-person or virtual (where you can see them) conversation, we are usually inferencing to comprehend the conversation.  We are listening to their oral words-the tone, the inflections and using our personal knowledge of what is being said to understand the spoken words.  We are also watching and examining (unconsciously) their body language-hands, arms, facial expressions and maybe even their clothing for possible clues that may help us to form a better understanding of their words.

Students should be purposely taught how to infer, deduce, conclude, or reason throughout their schooling, beginning in the preschool years.  The complexity of the instruction should follow the achievement of the student.  This skill can be taught within most subject matter.  Most students enjoy being a detective to learn about a subject matter or to answer a burning question that they may have related to the subject matter.

Advantages of Being Dyslexic

Dyslexic individuals will show similar traits in the classroom as they are learning to read and write.  Many dyslexic students struggle when they learn that the pictures that they have been developing into stories actually already have words that they must read.  Many will try to camouflage this transition; the camouflage will become apparent as students are held accountable for the words on the page.  The signs of dyslexia are there during students’ pre and primary school years.  Testing for phonology and comprehension has become more prevalent during the primary years, which lends to earlier intervention to ease the movement from oral language to written language.  The amount of the book exposure and student environment in and out of the classroom will usually change the symptoms and the intervention process.  Most dyslexics will become accomplished and earn a solid income.  Some of the more prevalent advantages of being dyslexia are noted below.

  1. Not visible to most. Classmates cannot usually visually see their “disability.”  Unfortunately, this can also be a disadvantage.
  2. Curious. Dyslexic individuals are usually curious.  I have a friend that began experimenting with how items fit together and thought it might be okay to take the screws out of the seat that held up his highchair.  Needless to say, that experiment came to crashing end.  His mechanical curiosity led to rebuilding engines during his elementary school years.
  3. Innovative and Creative. Dyslexic individuals are usually innovative and creative.  While your discussing how to use the pencil sharpener, dyslexics maybe trying to understand how the mechanisms within the pencil sharpener work and how they can improve the model.  Many will know how to fix the pencil sharpener without any prior knowledge of how a pencil sharpener works.  Many will create or modify items to suit their needs, as stated by Gavin Newsom, Governor of California, “There’s a creative energy to our approach which I’ve taken to politics to be bold and upfront on issues.  I’m not cautious, I’m not reckless, but I’m happy to take risks and that’s big part of being dyslexic” (Griggs, 2020, p. 3).
  4. Kinesthetically Wired. Dyslexic individuals usually see through their hands—kinesthetically.  They have the natural urge to touch and feel things, as it helps them put the item in their long-term memory and to contemplate how it works, what it’s for, etc.  Dyslexic individuals build pictures through their hands.  In addition, most need movement to keep the brain fresh with oxygen.
  5. Picture Thinkers. Dyslexic students are usually picture thinkers.  Many dyslexics have a photographic memory that can rewind an event.  Many dyslexic students will not feel the need to take notes, but can recall most of the information discussed.  They recall vocabulary words in pictures.  The pictures usually become attached to the words that describe the picture.  Sir Jackie Steward stated, “My dyslexic strength is attention to detail.  When your attention to detail is good you notice things other people don’t see as important, but these little things make all the difference.”
  6. Think outside the box. They have the ability to think or analyze things from different angles than others without dyslexia.   This lends to innovation and creativity in design and problem solving,
  7. 3-D vision. Many dyslexics have the ability to see an object in 3-D.  They can usually spin the object around and use this information to analyze the object.  This also lends to a sharper peripheral vision.
  8. Self-starters. Many are self-starters.  Individual environment will play a role in whether they use their skill of being a self-starter.  In the book, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, the parents gave their son the freedom and a safe environment to be a self-starter.  He went on the develop windmills out of the scraps/trash pile, which led to his country having the ability to pump water to grow crops and not be dependent on rain water.
  9. Perseverance. Many will endure their mistakes or trials before accomplishing their goal.  Many have very thick skin that allows them to endure the ridicule and numerous retries to better themselves and others.  Again, a person’s environment will play a role.
  10. Good Oral Language Skills. Many will have exceptional oral language skills. This was a major identifier of dyslexia in the late 1800s, early 1900s—student could have an intelligent conversation, but not be able to read the words in a book that corresponded with the conversation.  Many had, had an adequate education—most thought sitting in a formal school setting was a waste of their time.  Many probably experienced what Philip Schultz felt and described in his book, My Dyslexia, “He looked and spoke only to her, as if I were invisible.  It was the way I felt in school, listening to the teacher talk only to the other children, as if she didn’t think I would understand what she was saying, as if it was a waste of time talking to me” (p. 32).
  11. Can Learn. Dyslexics can learn how to use their prior knowledge of oral language to read and write.  Most will need systematic, explicit instruction to become average readers and writers.  Many will need this type of instruction to just hang-on or gain basic literacy skills.  Some will be able to absorb their rich environment to learn how to read.  This often takes different partnerships of teachers, parents, and community individuals, like tutors.  This will depend on the severity of the dyslexic symptoms and the individual’s environment.

References

Davis, R. (1997).  The Gift of Dyslexia.  New York, NY:  The Berkley Pub. Group

Griggs, K. (2020).  5 Reasons Why Dyslexics Make Powerful Changemakers.  LinkedIn post published May 30, 2020.

Kamkwamba, W. & Mealer, B. (2015). The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind.  New York, NY: Puffin Books.

Schultz, P. (2011). My Dyslexia. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co.

 

 

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